<div dir="ltr">...thus my statement with a "may provide" instead of "will" (provide answers to...).<div><br></div><div>Alright, let's try this again, forward 8 years (2000), Angert et al, zero-loss (no inelastic scattering) and of course in a practical sense the ice thickness and size of the aperture DO influence the contrast (for the same defocus or in-focus image), but I do not recall other papers where it was quantified methodically (thoroughly)...</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div>Sacha</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Tue, Aug 15, 2017 at 2:22 PM, Philip Koeck <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:Philip.Koeck@ki.se" target="_blank">Philip.Koeck@ki.se</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">





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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Hi Sacha.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Thanks for the paper.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I don’t think Wade says very much about the source of amplitude contrast.<br>
He lists some possible explanations from other publications in section 2 of the paper,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">but to me it sounds a bit like nobody is really sure.<br>
Therefore Wade and many others just continue with a phenomenological description.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">I see many open questions:<br>
If it’s due to scattering outside the aperture, shouldn’t it depend strongly on the aperture size?<br>
If it’s due to multiple scattering, it must depend strongly on specimen thickness.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">If it’s due to inelastic scattering, why is it so weak (about 10%)? Inelastic scattering has a larger cross section than elastic, I believe.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">All the best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Philip<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"">Från:</span></b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif""> Sacha De Carlo [mailto:<a href="mailto:sacha.decarlo@dectris.com" target="_blank">sacha.decarlo@dectris.<wbr>com</a>]
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<b>Skickat:</b> den 15 augusti 2017 13:11<br>
<b>Till:</b> Philip Koeck<br>
<b>Kopia:</b> <a href="mailto:3dem@ncmir.ucsd.edu" target="_blank">3dem@ncmir.ucsd.edu</a><br>
<b>Ämne:</b> Re: [3dem] [TEM] amplitude contrast<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">A good reference which may provide you with an answer... I am sure many other people will provide more recent studies...<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Enjoy !<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Best,<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Sacha<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Tue, Aug 15, 2017 at 12:55 PM, Philip Koeck <<a href="mailto:Philip.Koeck@ki.se" target="_blank">Philip.Koeck@ki.se</a>> wrote:<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Dear all.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Is there any agreement on the cause of amplitude contrast when imaging proteins in cryo-TEM?</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Is it the second order term in the expansion of a weak phase object or is it due to
 inelastic scattering or the aperture or something else?</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Al the best.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d"> </span><span style="color:#888888"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1f497d">Philip</span><span style="color:#888888"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
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______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
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<u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">-- <u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"">Sacha De Carlo, Ph.D.</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";color:gray">Business Development Manager EM</span><u></u><u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">                      <u></u><u></u></p>
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</blockquote></div><br><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><a href="https://www.dectris.com" target="_blank"></a><div><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:large">Sacha De Carlo, Ph.D.</span></div><div><font face="Verdana" size="1"><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128)">Business Development Manager EM</span></font></div><div><span style="white-space:pre">  </span></div><div><font color="#808080" size="1"><font face="Verdana">Phone: </font></font><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">+41 56 500 21 90</span><font color="#808080" size="1"><font face="Verdana"> </font><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:14px">|</span><span style="font-family:Verdana"> Mobile</span><span style="font-family:Verdana">: </span></font><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">+41 79 354 47 40</span><font color="#808080" size="1"><span style="font-family:Verdana"> </span></font><font color="#808080" size="1"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;line-height:14px">|</span><span style="font-family:Verdana"> </span><font style="font-family:Verdana">Email:</font><span style="font-family:Verdana"> <a href="mailto:sacha.decarlo@dectris.com" target="_blank">sacha.decarlo@dectris.com</a></span></font></div><div><span style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana">DECTRIS Ltd. </span><span style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px">|</span><span style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px"> Taefernweg 1</span><span style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px"> </span><span style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px">| 5405 Baden-Daettwil</span><span style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px"> </span><font style="font-size:x-small;color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px">| Switz</font><font size="1"><font face="Verdana"><font style="color:rgb(128,128,128);line-height:14px">erland</font><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);line-height:14px"> </span><font style="color:rgb(128,128,128);line-height:14px">| </font></font><a href="https://www.dectris.com" target="_blank"><font face="Verdana">www.dectris.com</font></a></font></div><div><font size="1"><font style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;line-height:14px"><br></font></font></div><div><div><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/5067919" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.dectris.com/tl_files/root/signatur/linkein-ico1.png" alt="LinkedIn" style="width:15px;height:15px;margin-left:400px;float:left"></a></div></div><div> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Dectris-Ltd/623855944369304" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.dectris.com/tl_files/root/signatur/facebook-ico1.png" alt="facebook" style="width:15px;height:15px"></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/DECTRIS_News" target="_blank"><img src="https://www.dectris.com/tl_files/root/signatur/twitter-ico1.png" style="width:15px;height:15px"></a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><img src="https://www.dectris.com/tl_files/root/signatur/dectris_plus%20slogan.png" style="float:left;height:30px;width:262px;margin-left:195px"></div><div><font face="Verdana" color="#808080" size="1"><br></font></div><div><font face="Verdana" color="#808080" size="1"><br></font></div><div><font face="Verdana" color="#808080" size="1"><br></font></div><div><font face="Verdana" color="#808080" size="1">Confidentiality Note: This message is intended only for the use of the named </font></div><div><font face="Verdana" color="#808080" size="1">recipient(s) </font><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">and may contain confidential and/or privileged information. </span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">If you </span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">are not the intended </span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">recipient, please contact the sender and delete </span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">the message.</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">Any unauthorized use of </span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">the information contained in this </span><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small">message is prohibited.</span></div><div><span style="color:rgb(128,128,128);font-family:Verdana;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><font face="Verdana" color="#808080" size="1"><br></font></div></div>
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